Growth of railway corporations of the United States was typical for development of the industrial

Growth of railway corporations of the United States was typical for development of the industrial organisation in this country. Early railway corporations were small. Philadelphia, Wilmington and the Baltimorsky Railway, for example, included lines of four companies. In 1850 road connecting Albany and , included lines of seven companies. Within last fifty years the majority of the small companies united to generate corporations which operate now our big railway systems. Though last statistical message of the Interstate Commission of Trade - that within a year finished on June, 30th 1896 - contains financial messages from 1985 companies, there were only 782 'independent operational roads,' the rest from the companies to be the auxiliary organisations. This message shows, that forty four of these making firms have a cumulative distance which is equaled almost to the six tenth parts of full railway distance of the United States. Really, the statistican to the Interstate Commission of Trade declared in 1894 it 'more than 83 percent. From business of railways and 82 percent. From their income fall under the control less than forty associations of business men.'

Dealers of the Commission receive and sell the goods belonging to another for indemnification,

Dealers of the Commission receive and sell the goods belonging to another for indemnification, named the commission. The trading agent - the person who represents the manufacturing industry enterprise in its business relations with trade. The factory can be located in a small city while the trading agent has its office and samples in heart of the big city. As to quantity of the goods bought or sold in the unique transaction, trade is divided into wholesale trade and retail. The wholesale dealer sells to other dealers while the retail dealer sells to the consumer that is, to the person who consumes, or use, the goods. The intermediary - the one who buys from importers and manufacturers and sells to retail sellers. It constantly is in the market for transactions. The intermediary of names and the wholesale dealer are often used in the same sense, but the intermediary sometimes sells to wholesale dealers. Wholesale trade has a reference to quantity which the dealer sells, instead of on a source from which he buys, or the person to whom he sells. The wholesale dealer, as a rule, deals in the goods of the main products that is which are a used season after a season - though certainly in actually all firms there are wholesale dealers.

The world had bankers and change machines during thousand years

The world had bankers and change machines during thousand years. The Babylon tablets have been found, which make entry of bank operations which took place in domination Nebuchadnezzar. Modern banking establishments, however, have arisen in the twelfth century. The Bank of Venice was the first establishment of this character in Europe, has based a. d. 1171. It has been based under the compulsory loan of republic. The funds deposited by it, could not be withdrawn, but have been transferred on books in pleasure of owners. The bank of Genoa [216] has been based in 1407, and many years were one of the basic banks
From Europe. It was the first to let out bank notes in circulation; they were contractual only that is, they have not been made by the check payable to bearer. It was long step before earlier system of transfers of the deposit which also was used by this bank. The bank of Amsterdam established in 1607, was the earliest considerable establishment of a kind which looked at trade encouragement. The bank of Hamburg established in 1619, was depositary bank and the reference based on fine silver bars. Deposits have been limited by silver. The state bank of England - is more than 200 years and as today recognise, are the greatest financial institution in the world. Almost all paper money of England is let out by this bank. This currency [217] is based partially
On securities and partially on coin deposits. Is to three or four banks in the United States more than hundred years. In 1781 Robert Morris, then the head of the finance presented to the Congress the plan concerning establishment of Bank of the North America in Philadelphia. In 1784 state of Massachusetts has included Bank of Massachusetts. In 1791 Bank of New York has been diplomaed.
FOOTNOTE:

Owing to irregular accustoming of a surface of the country good roads to Japan as can speak hardly,

Owing to irregular accustoming of a surface of the country good roads to Japan as can speak hardly, exist. But 20 000 miles of roads have been constructed, from which the state supports approximately one quarter. There are also 2505 miles of the railway which the state has and supports approximately one quarter also. There are 11 720 miles of routes of telegraph, from 37 000 miles of a wire; 520 miles of telephone routes, with 6347 miles of a wire; and 387 miles of underwater cable routes, with 1481 lovelier than a wire. [154] the country also has a merchant marine fleet of 827 steam courts of modern type and 702 sailing vessels of modern type,
Besides 668 native crafts. Owing to the irregular and rocky nature of a coastal line and the big number of small islands which exist, numerous beacons are necessary; but system of a beacon of Japan - one of the best in the world.
FOREIGN TRADE OF JAPAN

[26]

Now, banks and clearing houses through which the check passes moving ahead their house press and other information concerning a back
[26]
Now, banks and clearing houses through which the check passes moving ahead their house press and other information concerning a back. Our illustration shows back parts of two checks which 'have gone'. Millions dollars are collected by banks daily thus, and all without the expense to their clients. It is considered, that these collections stand to banks of New York more than two million dollars a year in interest loss, while checks in a way. Ten thousand letters of a collection are sent daily by banks of one only New York.
IX. COMMERCIAL PROJECTS

[30]

The approved project - really promissory note though it name acceptance is more often
[30]
The approved project - really promissory note though it name acceptance is more often. When the person pays or the project approves, it as speak, observes it. On previous illustration A it is not obliged or to pay or approve the project. It does not connect on it more than the letter would be. He can refuse payment so easily and so with readiness as he could refuse to pay to the collector who calls for payment accounts. Certainly, if the person usually refuses to observe lawful projects, it can damage its credit with banks and business buildings.

D pulls in the similar way on F

D pulls in the similar way on F. E involves R, and P on G.Predpolozhite, that instead of involving K receives the project delayed by Bank B of London on Bank of New York, subject to payment to order .